Electrolysis :: Papers

In chemistry, the production of chemical changes by passing an electric current through a solution or molten flavor (the electrolyte), resulting in the migration of ions to the electrodes positive ions (cations) to the cast out electrode (cathode) and negative ions (anions) to the positive electrode (anode). During electrolysis, the ions react with the electrode, either receiving or giving up electrons. The resultant atoms may be liberated as a squander, or deposited as a solid on the electrode, in amounts that are proportional to the amount of current passed, as discovered by position chemist Michael Faraday. For instance, when acidified water is electrolysed, hydrogen ions (H+) at the cathode receive electrons to form hydrogen gas hydroxide ions (OH-) at the anode give up electrons to form oxygen gas and water. One application of electrolysis is electroplating, in which a solution of a salt, such as silver nitrate (AgNO3), is used and the object t o be plated acts as the negative electrode, thus attracting silver ions (Ag+). Electrolysis is used in many industrial processes, such as coating metals for vehicles and ships, and refining bauxite into aluminium it also forms the basis of a turning of electrochemical analytical techniques, such as polarography. Faradays laws ============== Three laws of electro magnetic induction, and two laws of electrolysis, all proposed originally by English scientist Michael Faraday Induction (1) a changing magnetic field induces an electromagnetic force In a conductor (2) the electromagnetic force is proportional to the rate of change of the field (3) the direction of the induced electromagnetic force depends on the orientation of the field. Electrolysis (1) the amount of chemical change during electrolysis is proportional to the charge passing through the liquid (2) the amount of chemical change produced in a substance by a given amount of electricity is p roportional to the electrochemical equivalent of that substance. Faradays constant ================== Constant (symbol F) representing the electric charge carried on one mole of electrons.

Reservoir Dogs :: essays research papers

"I dont give a fuck what you know or dont know, moreover Im gonna worrying you anyway, regardless. Not to get information. Its so amusing for me to torture a cop. All you can do is pray for a quick death, which you aint gonna get."Mr. Blonde in rootage Dogs, 1992This guy was the most twisted and sickly perverted guy in the whole movie. He had no reservations about killing people. He was brutal. He love torture and death. By his own admission he liked to see the peoples expressions when they died. He was totally ruthless. He had no conscience.I cant really explain wherefore I liked this character so much. I dont EVER want to be like him or do the things he did. There was just something lovely about all his negative personality traits. Before he really starts getting into torturing the cop, he casually turns on the radio as if he needed some music to accompany the grizzly acts he was about to commit. He was a man who insisted on having total control. He liked autocratic situations and people. When they were in the jewelry store he advised the employees not to hit the alarm. When they did, he started killing them. This was his way of regaining control of the situation. At the same eon he was acting out this concept, he was actually totally out of control. He went fucking crazy in the store. He slaughtered the people lined up in the store like he was shooting clay ducks in a local carnival shooting gallery. I know this is a contradiction, but Mr. Blonde was a contradiction of himself.He had double standards. He hated the cop just because he was a cop. He didnt recognize him as a real person. Mr. Pink and Mr. White confirm this at the warehouse when they discuss him shooting REAL people, which cops are not. They say he just went crazy. They seemed to fear his craziness. His hush facade was a cover for the monstrous things he did to people.When he was in the warehouse with the hostage cop and Mr. Orange he appeared to be very calm. He sat smoking a cigarette while Pink and White argued over the chain of events. He wasnt calm. He couldnt wait to start torturing the hostage cop. You could see it in his face when Pink and White left.

Hydroponics :: essays research papers

HydroponicsIntroductionNAME HERE and I became fascinated by hydroponics and the appraisal that onedoesnt have to get their give dirty to be a great gardener, and if your likeus thats a good thing.The idea of hydroponics has been around since the pyramids where build,but in all these eld it never seemed to catch on. It took about forty-sixhundred years before the first scientist took a look at hydroponics and adaptedit to grow crops, this was a professor at the University of California, and theresult was a 25 foot tomato plant that had to be harvest by a ladder. Thushydroponics was reborn and has been advancing ever since. Yet up to 5 years agothe home grower and generally the public didnt know about hydroponics. It was tho cosmos used by commercial growers. But now it has caught on, and resulted inthis experiment.When thinking about hydroponics one must think about the applications ofhydroponics. Not only dose hydroponics produce bigger, better, and morehealthier plants than th e traditional dirt, but it can also be greatlybeneficial on things like submarines, stead stations, off-shore oil rigs, or anywhere else where dirt is hard to come by.During this experiment well be looking for which plant life well dobest with hydroponics, by measuring which plant has grown the highest orbushiest. We also well be looking for green and healthy looking leaves on theplants. We have no idea what the results might be, so this should be an excitingexperiment.ProblemWhich form of plant life will thrive the most in a hydroponicsenrichment. testament it be Tomatoes our fruit, Peas our vegetable, Tinkerbellflowers, or Beans a legume?First we selected a suitable PVC pipe and cut it into a 4 foot longpiece. abutting we cut four holes into the pipe with a jigsaw. After that we drill two holes for the brass tees to fit into. Next we glued on the two caps.After that we drilled two holes, one for the bucket to rest on, and the otherfor the plastic irrigate to go into. Then we g lued the 20mm pipe into one of theholes. After that we cut our 4 inch PVC pipe and glued the cap to it. Then wedrilled two holes into the pipe, and inserted two brass nosles into the holes wejust drilled. Now take the plastic hose and cut it into 4 piece. One piece isfor draining, one is for sub reservoir, and two are to separate the sub

Advocates for a New Social Order: Dickens, Marx, and the Trade Union i

Advocates for a bracing Social Order Dickens, Marx, and the Trade Union in Hard quantify For over a century, Charles Dickens has been praised as being the workings mans advocate, and the lower classes have played a major role in peopling his vast world of characters. Always, the reader is left with a aesthesis of sympathy and pity for these characters as Dickens journalistic descriptions of their plight are often dramatic, stirring, and pathetic. Although he renders the living conditions of the poor in such(prenominal) a way that no reader can escape feeling sympathy for such characters, Dickens never once offers a solution to such distress. In Hard Times we find a man who suffers not only the degradations of the industrial city, but also the ostracism of his own kind when he refuses to join the ranks of a develop trade union. Dickens has often been deemed a reformer by many modern critics. However, if he truly sought reform for the treatment of the lower classes in Victorian E ngland, why, then, does he refuse Stephen Blackpool a chance to take a part in that reform? Like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Dickens realized and reported upon the conditions of the working classes, but he chose to offer a more spiritual form of aid rather than to suggest a complete political reformation. Dickens make his views on labor issues in several of his journals, and he spoke on the subject frequently as well. Although he was moved by the plight of the workers, he could not understand why they would become violent at times. Peter Ackroyd cites a letter to Angela Burdett-Coutts, describing Dickens views on trade union violence. The reason for such violence, Dickens contends in the letter, is that the lower classes were being brainwashed and swindle... ... both a charitable and noble soul. He could not have joined the union as he did not believe it would help matters any, and he maintains his dignity even though he pays the ultimate penalty for it in the end. Works Co nsultedThe Oxford History of Britain. Ed. Kenneth O. Morgan. Oxford Oxford UP, 1984. Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. New York HarperCollins, 1990. Bowditch, John and Clement Ramsland. Voices of the Industrial Revolution. Ann Arbor U of Michigan P, 1961. Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. Ed. George Ford and Sylvere Monod. 2nd ed. New York Norton, 1990. ---. Locked Out. Household Words 8 (1854) 345-8. Faber, Richard. Proper Stations. capital of the United Kingdom Faber and Faber, 1971. Marx, Karl. The Grundrisse. Ed. and trans. David McLellan. New York Harper, 1971. Williams, Raymond. Culture and Society 1780-1950. New York Harper, 1958.

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination Essay -- Kill Moc

To deplete a Mockingbird An Analysis of Discrimination The most important theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird is author Harper Lees tenacious exploration of the moral nature of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of gay beings, specially the struggle in e very(prenominal) human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only divine revelation prejudice, exactly in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. One of the ways it accomplishes this is by dramatizing the main characters, Scout and Jems, maturing transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Initially, because they have never seen or experienced evil themselves, they assume that all people are good by nature and tolerant of others. It is not until they see things from a more realistic openhanded perspective that they are able to confront evil, as well as prejudice, and incorporate it into their understanding of the world (Castleman). As a result of this skillful literary portrayal by Harper Lee of the psychological transition from innocence to experience to realization, To Kill a Mockingbird succeeds admirably in portraying the very real threat that hatred, prejudice, and ignorance have always posed to the innocent. Simple, trusting, good-hearted characters such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are tragically unprepared. They are ill-equipped emotionally and psychologically to deal with the unexpected depths of the prejudice they encounter -- and as a result, they are destroyed. Even Jem is victimized to a certain extent by his baring of the evil of prejudice and its hidden power over so many people during and after the controversial trial (Bergman and ... ... to view the world from his perspective ensures that she exit not become jaded as she loses her innocence. In conclusion, in To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee tenaciously explores the moral natur e of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. Bibliography Bergman, Paul, and Asimow, Michael. Reel Justice. New York Andrews and McMeel, 1996. Castleman, Tamara. Cliffsnotes Lees To Kill a Mockingbird. New York Cliffsnotes, 2000. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York Harper Collins, 1999. To Kill a Mockingbird. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Perf. Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Crahan Denton, Philip Alford. Universal-International, 1962.

To Kill a Mockingbird: An Analysis of Discrimination Essay -- Kill Moc

To massacre a Mockingbird An Analysis of Discrimination The most of the essence(p) theme of the 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning original To Kill a Mockingbird is root Harper Lees tenacious exploration of the moral personality of people. Lee tenaciously explores the moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in ein truth human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. One of the ways it accomplishes this is by dramatizing the main characters, Scout and Jems, maturing transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Initially, because they have never seen or experienced evil themselves, they assume that all people are good by nature and tolerant of others. It is not until they see things from a more realistic adult perspective that they are able to confront evil, as well as prejudice, and incorporate it into their discer nment of the world (Castleman). As a result of this skillful literary portrayal by Harper Lee of the psychological transition from innocence to experience to realization, To Kill a Mockingbird succeeds admirably in portraying the very real threat that hatred, prejudice, and ignorance have always posed to the innocent. Simple, trusting, good-hearted characters such as tom turkey Robinson and Boo Radley are tragically unprepared. They are ill-equipped emotionally and psychologically to deal with the unexpected depths of the prejudice they encounter -- and as a result, they are destroyed. nevertheless Jem is victimized to a certain extent by his discovery of the evil of prejudice and its hidden power over so many people during and afterward the controversial trial (Bergman and ... ... to view the world from his perspective ensures that she will not become jaded as she loses her innocence. In conclusion, in To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee tenaciously explores t he moral nature of human beings, especially the struggle in every human soul between discrimination and tolerance. The novel is very effective in not only revealing prejudice, but in examining the nature of prejudice, how it works, and its consequences. Bibliography Bergman, Paul, and Asimow, Michael. Reel Justice. New York Andrews and McMeel, 1996. Castleman, Tamara. Cliffsnotes Lees To Kill a Mockingbird. New York Cliffsnotes, 2000. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York Harper Collins, 1999. To Kill a Mockingbird. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Perf. Gregory Peck, Mary Badham, Crahan Denton, Philip Alford. Universal-International, 1962.

The Vision of the New World That the Colonists Brought

Early colonist came to American for a variety of reasons, from religious independence to dreams of getting rich. In this analysis we will look at the vision of two colonies and how the different colony visions take to the colony creation, and the differences between them. The New England biotic community was so strong and so supportive in comparison to that of the settlers in Jamestown, Chesapeake Bay, that it is no wonder they developed into two distinctly different cultures before the form 1700. The Chesapeake region developed into a land of plantations and money-driven owners with a very small middle class, and those in poverty creating the population.New England, on the other hand, had developed into a devotion and family based corporation comprised of mostly middle class families by 1700. Looking at the terrain, government, and the the great unwashed themselves, reveals clues about how the drastic split in society came to be. while residing in England, the Puritans and fa ithful Catholics faced persecution, which led to their immigration to the New World. Many groups and parishes applied for charters to America and, led by their priest, the Pilgrims and Puritans made the long voyage to northwesterly America. Their religion became a unique element in the New England colonies by 1700.Before landing, the groups settled on agreements, signing laws and pacts to ensure a community effort towards survival when they came to shore, and while settling in New England. Their strong sense of community and faith in God led them to develop a hardworking society by year 1700. Their towns were well organized, with the church being the basis of everyones daily life, and they wanted to establish equality and have everyone working together in harmony. Family was an grievous part of the Puritan religion, so their ships came with twenty-two men and twenty-one women, so there was stability.They learned useful farming techniques from the Native Americans, and farming was their prime rise of the economy. The Puritan work ethic kept people from working for extreme material gain. The Puritans were hard workers who had goal for a religiously purified town. Not everyone in England was facing harsh persecution and many travelers came to the New World with high hopes of fame and g overage, which led to numerous conflicts. It was a land for the rich to get richer. The people that were assigned to the ships destined for Jamestown (Chesapeake Region) came without their families and their ages ranged from old to young, but mainly oung men. The men outnumbered the women six to one. This caused the society to be much chaotic because there were many broken families and a mad rush for the hardly a(prenominal) women. The settlers in the Chesapeake region main goal were to get rich, or to gain refreshful land and find gold. According to John Smith, all the people could do was live for gold it was their only purpose. The Chesapeake Bay settlers had to endure the harshness of their new environment. The climate was non favorable and nearly half of the people died because of exposure to diseases or starvation.Those that were lucky and survived these hardships were left to fight with the local Indians. Dis-organized and unable to find mountains of gold, large tobacco plantations were started and farming was taken up by the settlers. These business men were not use to being agricultural farmers. This was why things were so difficult before John Smith took lead of the colony with his You dont work, you dont eat mentality. People were not accustomed to hard work and physical labor, and the colony was dying slow. As a result of the hardships the first importation of bondage began in the colonies.At first indentured servants were being used to work the fields, but they were far less exploited than the slaves. Indentured servants worked for the person who paid their way to the dependency until the depths were paid off, but soon their services wer e less useful and slaves were being imported in massive numbers. The colonial planters were making money and gaining large net income off of free labor. The development of the two cultures may also have been the result of the terrain the groups occupied. In the Chesapeake region, the colonists settled on swampy marshland that was hard to agitate and even much difficult to survive in.With so many people dying from disease and starvation, and the extreme shortage of marriageable women, the population grew slowly, if at all. Families were more groups of mangy children half related, from different fathers. Frequent death made unnatural family life a common thing. In the New England colonies, the people chose flat, manageable maroon that left them with easy to plow fields. The soil and religious beliefs were ideal for subsistence farming, which meant small, manageable farms that would provide for a family of eight to ten. Since the farmers looked only to feed themselves, there was li ttle, if any, need for limited abor having most, if not all, workers available inside their own family. The moderate climate made disease a rarity in the colony, and death even more so. The balance family life and sustenance supply meant more able-minded colonists. Society had a patriarchal structure of man before woman and woman before child. Children themselves skipped over a childhood and were treated as adults at a very early age. They were expected to obey their parents and keep faith in the church. All these elements together led to Northern prosperity and growth. The land itself was important, more so was how it became used for profit.This land is money belief was a unique attribute of the region by 1700. The actor for profit also helped to develop society in the Chesapeake region. The Chesapeake men discovered tobacco and began a fierce production of it from their plantations. Since tobacco depleted the soil rapidly, new land was always a must. To acquire this land, wealt hy owners paid for servants to be brought over and work the fields. Each was given a land grant of fifty acres, which was not worth all that much. However, the men were bringing over ten, twenty, maybe even thirty servants to work in the tobacco fields.Thirty men at fifty acres a piece add up to a lot of land, so the land owners started to bring in slavery and more black people to work their fields. Instead of growing tobacco, New England farmers were most likely to produce barley or corn, which helped them stay well fed during long winter months. They were more concerned with the survival of their families than the profit they could make from the rich soil, so the food was not sold for a profit. Rather, the colony became self-supporting in the issue of food. With food taken care of, the New England colonies were left to import stoves, tea, and spices, among other things.Since they only needed to grow food to support their own family as subsistence farmers, New England farmers sel dom had any more than their original acreage. This created a more equal reality for all owners, comfortable or struggling. The differences between the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies led to separate societies by the time of the 1700s. Agriculture, motive, people, religion, and terrain are all factors that affected how they grew apart. However, it is also through the actions of the men and woman who settled in the regions, and the choices they made, that led to the development of these two colonies.

Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” and John Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay

The main female characters in Alexander Popes The Rape of the put to sleep and rump Miltons Paradise Lost are seen at first as extensions of the male characters, at the mercy of supernatural forces. Does their rebellion show that they bring to break the duress of male dominion? A dupe of the carry outs of Eve and Belinda can be seen as rebellion against their controllers. Eve, the main female character of John Miltons Paradise Lost, comes to the forefront in Book IX, after she has taken her first independent action, that of eating the apple. To understand the actions of Eve, it is important to understand Miltons view of the interactions between beau ideal, Adam and Eve. Roberta Martin statesIn Paradise Eve, the mother of mankind, is the figure of a contained, other creative energy that is carefully derivative she herself was derived from Adams rib, and she is under Adams domination in the hierarchy of the laminitiss perfect Symbolic Eve is subordinate to Adam because she is l acking. The Father intends her to be a deliberately limited and controlled Other. (61)On Eves first awakening in the garden, the difference between Adam and herself is made clear. sequence he wonders who he is, and is aware of himself as a differentiated entity, Eve wonders where and what she is, and is not aware of any difference between herself and her surroundings as integrity with no conception of the separateness of her being, she begins life as an Object, rather than as a Person (Martin, 70).From this perspective, it is clear that Eve is at first fully controlled by the desires of Adam and of God, her joint Creators. It is not until, daring to become a Person, she expresses her own desires then, further defying her masters, she chooses to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. She begins, tentatively, to have opinions of her own and thoughts as to how the garden should use she starts innocently, with a suggestion as to how the work should be done. Let us divide our labor s, thou where choice Leads thee, or where most needs, whether to wind With Myrtle, honor what to redress till Noon Our task we choose, what wonder if so near, Looks intervene and smiles, or object new Casual Discourse draws on, which intermits Our days work brought to so little, though begun Early, and thhour of Supper comes unearnd. (Milton, 209).Adam objects sharply to this suggestion, leaving no doubt that Eve has gone against his wishes for, by chance, the first time. for nothing lovelier can be found In Woman/than to study household good,/and good works in her Husband to promote (Milton, 209). And yet, he concedes sadly, But if much converse perhaps/Thee satiate, to short absence I could yield. /For solitude sometimes is best society/And short retirement urges sweet return (Milton, 209). Eve has won her first, small interlocking that for time on her own, without the companionship of Adam, whom she was conceived as Companion for. Adam is not yet done attempting to assert hi s will, and Gods will, over Eve. But God left free the Will, for what obeysReason , is free and Reason he made right,But bid her well beware and still erect,Lest by some pleasure ground appearing good surprisd,She dictate false, and misinform the WillTo do what God expressly hath forbid. (Milton, 212)Eve is, here, to be allowed some freedom of her will, but only if it is at bottom the rules already outlined for her. Temptation follows in the form of the Serpent and she defies the wishes of Adam and of God, and eats the Fruit she has been forbidden. This is her greatest act of rebellion, and the point at which she throws dour the chains of her Creation. She gains the knowledge that had been forbidden her she conceives of a desire, that of being an equal. She ponders In Female Sex, the more to draw his Love,/ and render me more equal, and perhaps,/ a thing not undesirable, sometime/Superior, for wanting(p) who is free? (Milton, 225)Suddenly aware of the possibility of her own deat h, she resolves to share the knowledge she has gained with Adam, for So dear I love him, that with him all deaths/I could endure, without him live no life. (Milton 225) So choosing the path of love over the path of knowledge, she feeds the fruit to Adam, and brings the wrath of the Creator down upon their walks. Milton is not content to let Eves transgression, that of throwing off the patriarchal rule and allowing her own will to become paramount, pass lightly. For he closes, hence it shall befall/Him who to worth in Woman overtrusting/Lets her Will rule. (Milton 234). If Eve is a creation of Adam and God, Belinda is a creation of Mans conception of Woman, and the object of a struggle between Man and the supernatural. Rising only new in the morning, she spends hours at her toilet, grooming obsessively in order to meet her admirers. Pope inquires Say what strange motive, goddess Could compel A well-bred lord tassault a gentle belle? O say what stranger cause, yet unexplored, Could make a gentle belle reject a lord? (Pope, 28)Belinda is the beloved of the sylphs, for her award and beauty are made in their image. One whispers to her as she lies sleeping Know farther yet whoever fair and chaste/Rejects mankind, is by some sylph embraced/For spirits, freed from virulent laws, with ease/Assume what sexes and what shapes they please (Pope, 29).When she ventures out, all fall to her charms, including the Baron Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay (Pope, 32). All, that is, except the Sylph, who sees in the Baron a rival for Belindas affections. The Baron conceives of a plan to wrest a lock from Belindas unsuspecting head, thus despoiling her. Despite the guardianship of the Sylphs, he succeeds He takes the gift with prise and extends/the little engine on his finger ends /This just behind Belindas neck he spread, /As oer the fragrant steams she bends her head (Pope, 38).The sylphs are enraged Not Cynthia, when her manteaus pinned awry/Eer felt such rage, re sentment and despair,/ As thou, sad virgin for thy ravished hair. (Pope, 39). The spirits cease Belinda, and she is left at the mercy of new knowledge of love bereft of her beauty with the lock of hair, she falls into a dark despair, abandoning her previous beauty political science and descending into slovenliness. Driven to rage, she attacks the Baron for his unforgivably churlish actSee fierce Belinda on the baron flies,With more than usual lightning in her eyes,Nor feared the chief thunequal fight to try,But this bold lord with manly strength subduedNow meet thy feate, incensed Belinda cried,And drew a deadly bodkin from her side. (Pope, 45) Belinda, in rebellion against the desires of Man, throws off the strictures of her previous role as Virgin and takes the persona of Warrior. Restore the lock is Belindas cry she desires what has been taken from her to be returned, as she desires to return to her previous state of innocence. Belinda is not a puppet of the supernatural nor o f Man her rebellion is against the unending march of maturity and gained knowledge, not against the machinations of those who would control her. Belinda has chosen the supernatural rather than the control of Man, and has wrested control of her Self back from the man who would control her. She is still a creature of Mans conception, but she is no longer a creature for Mans desire. Eve and Belinda represent two very different views of female rebellion and independence. Eve, in choosing to perform an action expressly forbidden by her creators, has chosen the path of opposition Belinda has chosen the control of one of her creators, rejecting the path of the other, who held himself in opposition to the firsts wishes. Belinda has chosen the path not of rebellion, but of total rejection of the assertion of Mans control.Works CitedPope, Alexander. The Poetry of Pope A Selection. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1954.Martin, Roberta C. How Came I Thus? Adam and Eve in the Mirror of the Ot her.College Literature, 27.2 (2000) 57-79.Milton, John. Paradise Lost. New York Odyssey Press, 1962.

The Secret Life of Bees by: Sue Monk Kidd

The concealed life of bees by Sue Monk Kidd SUMMARY The story in The Secret Life of Bees is that of Lily Melissa Owens, a upstart girl who reaches puberty in rural South Carolina in 1964. Lilys fix dies when Lily is 4 years old. That day, her mother had been packing a suitcase when her male parent, T. jibe, raged into the base, and a braggy argument ensued. Her mother took a pistol off the shelf, scarcely sometime later it fell to the floor, her mother was shot. Lily remembers the loud blast, but she puket remember who was holding the gun. Her father sort outs e actuallyone Lily accidentally shot her mother. T.Ray has a short fuse which leads to lots of verbal abuse and some physical abuse. Lily and her father are opposites. She loves reading and writing, he belittles her for reading. Hes a racist and critical of others, shes tolerant and respectful of e preciseone. After her mother dies, T. Ray hires a black nanny, Rosaleen, to care for her and do the household chores. Li ly loves Rosaleen although she thinks since Rosaleen has never had children of her own, Lily is her guinea pig. Rosaleen, who represents the unimaginative black figure of that time period, loves Lily and treats her as if she is her own.One day Rosaleen and Lily go to town so Rosaleen hind end register to vote. In town a group of lily-white men taunt Rosaleen and she spills her snuff jar on their feet. The men beat Rosaleen until the police come and take Rosaleen to jail. At the jail, the men beat her some more. T. Ray comes to the jail to take Lily home. Back on the farm, Lily and T. Ray get into an argument, in which he tells Lily that Deborah her mother was going to leave her when she died. Lily gets so angry and she runs away. Lily frees Rosaleen from the hospital, where she was sent after her second beating.Rosaleen and Lily go to Tiburon, South Carolina because Deborah had a picture of a black Madonna on the post of which she wrote Tiburon, SC. Lily figures this town must brace been important to Deborah. In a store, Lily sees jars of honey with pictures of the same black Madonna as their labels. Lily asks the storekeeper where the honey comes from. He tells her that a woman named August Boatwright makes the honey and that she lives in a bright irisk house. Lily and Rosaleen find the pink house and knock on the door. Inside, they find three African-American sistersAugust, June and May. Lily tells them that she is assing through town on the way to her aunts house. She tells the sisters that she is an orphan. August tells Lily and Rosaleen that they are welcome to stay for now. She says that Lily can help her with the honey business and Rosaleen can help May with the house work. May is very emotional and often cries so hard that she must go to her wailing wall in the backyard, a wall in which she places supplicateers for all the things that sadden her. June is not happy rough having Lily stay with them because she is white. When Lily overhears June saying that she dislikes her because of her skin color, Lily realizes how absurd racism is.The sisters practice a religion they sire created themselves and share with a group called The Daughters of Mary. The women pray to a statue of a black Mary that they call Our Lady of Chains. During her time in the pink house, Lily comes to practice this religion with the women. She loves these women and life in the pink house. Lily comes to tactual sensation accepted by the black women. Even June befriends her, eventually. She falls in love with Augusts accomplice, Zach. Zach is an African-American boy, which complicates Lilys feelings for him. One day, one of Zachs friends throws a bottle at a white man.Because none of the boys will admit who threw the bottle, they all go to jail. The women try to keep Zachs imprisonment a secret from May, because it would be too much for her to handle. However, May finds out from a phone call that Zach is in jail and is unable to deal with it. May commit s suicide by drowning herself in the river. Mays friends and family are devastated by her death. Some good things come out of it, however. June decides to marry Neil, a man she has dated for years but always refused to marry because she was hurt once by someone else.Eventually life returns to normal in the pink house and Lily thinks about how she will have to tell August the truth soon. In the meantime, Lily and Zach kiss and he promises they will be together one day. Eventually Lily tells August who she really is. It turns out that August already knew, because she knew Lilys mother. August worked for Deborahs family when Deborah was a child. Years later, after Lily was born, Deborah left T. Ray and came to stay with August. August said Deborah was going back to get Lily and hence she was going to divorce T. Ray. When she went home, she died.Lily is outraged and saddened to learn that Deborah left her with T. Ray. August tries to explain that Deborah was depressed not thinking clea rly, but Lily cannot forgive her. One day, Lily is home completely and T. Ray comes to the door. He found out where she was because she called him collect once. T. Ray went to the place she called from and a woman told him where she was. T. Ray demands that Lily comes home with him. When T. Ray notices the pin Lily is wearing, a pin he gave Deborah, Lily explains that Deborah came to the pink house when she left him. T.Ray goes into a rage and beats Lily, all the while calling her Deborah, August and Rosaleen return to the house. August tells T. Ray that Lily can stay. Ray agrees and leaves. Lily chases his car and asks him if she was responsible for her mothers death. T. Ray says it was an accident, but Lily killed her. Lily finally learns to forgive her mother and herself. She is happy living with August. She goes to school with Zach. Lily learns the importance of young-bearing(prenominal) communities and that women can be mothers to each other. RELEVANCE Memory is something tha t lily has lost of her mother and is trying to gain back throughout the story.There is one specific incident that she cant forget and its the day her mother tried to leave home and lily ends up killing her by shooting her with a gun. Lily goes through a lot of ups and downs trying to find out what happened to her mother and since her guardian T. Ray is just bad mouthing lilys mother and trying to prevent her, she goes to great lengths to get her answers and runs away with Rosaleen. A lot of emotional damage has already been done to lily by T. Ray but she is loyal and wants to know about her mother and in the story she stops at nothing to get her answers.Lily and Rosaleen end up at a pink house with three African-American women and ask if they can stay with them, over time they all start getting to know each other. Lily starts to experience emotions that she never knew she could have besides the emotions that she has for Rosaleen. The mistreatment from T. Ray didnt really allow her to have any space in her heart for better emotions. Lily starts falling in love with the helper but because of his race it complicates things but that emotion for a boy is more than what she expected to find on the adventure of finding out things about her mother.Lily wasnt just searching for information about her mother or emotions that were better than the ones T. Ray was giving her but also some sense of identity operator. Lily feels that theres a big part of her missing because she doesnt know anything about her mom. According to the text in child development by John W. Santrock identity moratorium is a status of individuals who are in the midst of a crisis and in the story lily is in one. She is trying to get information about someone she cares about but barely knows.Lily does eventually find out the truth about her mother and even though she cant get her mother back she did gain mother-like figures. CRITIQUE I personally like this book because of the depth in the story. Also the lesson learned throughout. The time the story takes place was a very hard time for African-Americans because of the racism and discrimination against them. Lily went through a hard time without her parents and I say in plural parents because T. Ray may have tried to play the father figure but didnt prevail because of his over controlling and demanding ways.Also, the grief and grudge he still holds against Deborah doesnt allow him to move on. Lily exhausted most of her life feeling guilty when she gained recognition of what did to her mom. She went out searching for information about her mom and gained mothers. The topic of racism and discrimination has always a touchy topic for me because of how bad emotionally wise African-Americans besides physical ways there have been tormented and traumatized and just the details of it in a book affect me deeply as the actions were occurring to me.

A Marriage Quite Like an Arch Essay

John Ciardis poem Most Like an Arch This Marriage. Ciardi uses symbolism, similes, metaphors, and imagery when comparing marriage to an condescending. Marriage is near strength, when two connections come together and meet each some other in the middle to form a strong bond as they uphold bingle another. The poem describes marriage as an archway that can withstand the forces of nature and gain its strength from two pillars that come together at one point.In the first quatrain, the speaker turns to the description of how a marriage is like an arch, using formal diction to illustrate an image in the readers psyche with similes, Most like an archan entrance which upholds (Line 1). Both sides of an arch hold an entrance up an arch is typically a curved structural atom spanning an opening and serving as a support (Arch Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 1 June 2014). Mass made idea, and idea held in place A lock in time Inside half-heaven unfolds (3-4). Passion a man has for his woman is sealed by the bond of marriage, a sacred bond locked in time, at bottom half-heaven, a marriage searches for unity and perfection.In the second quatrain, the speaker compares two weaknesses, two fallings, two joined abeyances that mold into one strength. Most like an archtwo weaknesses that lean into a strength two falling become firm / Two joined abeyances become a term naming the accompaniment that teaches fact to mean (5-8). Two individuals leading a single life have many obstacles to face, but when the two individuals conjoin they become stronger as one, and as one they can tackle whatever obstacle that is thrown their way as long as theyre united.In the third quatrain, the speaker portrays a longing, a need between two strengths. Not quite that? Not much less. World as it is, whats strong and separate falter (9-10). A strayed individual maybe strong, but walking alone makes that individual weak. All I do, at piling stone on stone apartfrom you is homeless a round nothing. Till we kiss (11-12). Piling stone on stone, building a wall between them, when you are apart from your significant other it feels like an eternity, like you are missing your other half, apart from you is roofless around nothing (11-12). Till we kiss (12), the separation feels like an eternity until we kiss, and because it feels like we are whole again.In the final quatrain, the speaker explains that even though couples are flawed, they are together through thick and thin. It is by falling in and in we make the all-bearing point, for one anothers sake, in faultless failing, raised by our own weight (14-16). Each person is sack to have their faults and at times both people may fail in something together, but it is with the love and strength of their marriage that they are able to parachute up from whatever obstacle and be stronger for having gone through it together.

Osteoporosis

AbstractAs the worlds population lives longer, the significance of osteoporosis and fractures increases.IntroductionOsteoporosis is an age-associated disease, which is influenced by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Age is a richly hazard factor for osteoporosis.Lack of vitamin D and insufficiency of calcium absorption are the most popular reason for the osteoporosis in the elderly. (Jakob et al, 2014)Jakob, F., Seefried, L., Schwab, M. (2014). Alter und Osteoporose. Der Internist, 55(7), 755-761.?Jakob F, e. (2018). Age and osteoporosis.Effects of aging on osteoporosis, the diagnostics and therapy. PubMed NCBI. online Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24903137 Accessed 16 May 2018.It is mostly a disease of old age people. The preponderance of osteoporosis increase significantly with age and it is an independent risk factor for the improvement of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture.As taperd by National Health and Nutrition Examina tion Survey (NHANES) info the diffusion of osteoporosis based on reduce density of hip b unmatched was estimated at 4% in women 50 to 59 years of age compared to 44% in women 80 years of age and older. The number of precedentials in risk for osteoporosis will continue increasing with the aging of society. (Vondracek et al , 2009).Vondracek, S. F., Linnebur, S. A. (2009).Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in the older senior. Clinical interventions in aging, 4, 121.? I choose this topic because when I was in clinical area I saw many old persevering they came to do x-ray and when I read the justification I saw they have osteoporosis. So I want to know how the x-ray help to diagnosis this disease.In this assignment I will talk about first the principles of the osteoporosis, the equipment components required for carrying out the osteoporosis examination and their functions. Also, I will discuss the role of radiographer and technical foul and radiation exposure considerations of it.Finally, I will talk about one clinical example for osteoporosis patient with clear images.PrincipleOsteoporosis was described as a morbid in which there is non-attendance of bone tissue, however that tissue which remains is completely calcified. Osteoporosis creates when bone resorption happens too rapidly and substitution happens too gradually. (Makhdoom, et al,2014)The older senior is at higher(prenominal) risk for osteoporosis. It is important for healthcare providers to be fully aware of the potential risks and benefits of diagnosing and treating osteoporosis in the older senior population. Data indicate that bone mineral density testing is under-utilized and drug therapy is often not initiated when indicated in this population.Bone mineral density testing with central dual qualification x-ray absorptiometry is essential and cost-effective in this population. All elder people should be instructed on a bone-healthy lifestyle containing age-appropriate weight-bearing exe rcise and smoking cessation if necessary. The actually important role in the risk for osteoporotic fractures, especially in the older senior is a falls play.The risk for vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency is high in the older senior and can contribute to falls and fractures. To treat this problem they should intake sufficient amount of calcium and vitamin D. (Vondracek et al,2009) Vondracek, S. F., Linnebur, S. A. (2009). Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in the older senior.Clinical interventions in aging, 4, 121.?DEXA procedure detects the osteoporosis disease and this early diagnosis will improve the disease management practices and would help in impeding subject area productivity losses by mass screening and awareness. Also, it can help prevent osteoporosis. (Makhdoom, et al,2014)Makhdoom, A., Rahopoto, M., Siddiqui, K. A., Qureshi, G. A. (2014). Early Detection of Osteoporosis by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Pakistan ledger of medical sciences, 30(6), 1265. ? Equipment component and functionThe technique used to measure the mineral bone density and the average concentration of mineral in a define section of bone is the Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).It performed with a low radiation dose and accurate (exact measurement of BMD), precise and flexible (different regions can be scanned). A DEXA digital scanner consists of a low-dose x-ray tube with two energies for separating mineral and soft-tissue components and a high-resolution multidetector array.It has one of two different system a fan-beam device that emits alternating high (140 kVp) and low (70100 kVp) x-rays and sweeps across a scan area or a constant x-ray beam with a rare-earth filter and energy-specific absorption, which separates photons of higher (70 keV) and degrade (40 keV) energy.( Lorente-Ramos et al,2011).Lorente-Ramos, R., Azpeitia-Armn, J., Muoz-Hernndez, A., Garca-Gmez, J. M., Dez-Martnez, P., Grande-Brez, M. (2011), Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in th e diagnosis of osteoporosis a practical guide.American Journal of Roentgenology, 196(4), pp 897-904.Role of radiographer with osteoporosis patientsUnderstanding every step of the procedure is important for maximizing the avail of the imaginativeness evaluation to patients and referring clinicians in this procedure the radiographer play a great role in preparing the patient and taking care of the patient before, during and after examination. to begin with the examination, the radiographer must be Check patient history, old x-ray, Select the optimum exposure factors, Prepare the room for examination and Prepare the patient for the examination. During examinationThe radiographer must be Explain the procedure to patient and relative ,Reassure and care for patient during examination, Position the patient, Place radiation protection and Constantly assess the patients condition and then Expose. afterwards examination they should be Move the tube away from patient, lower x-ray table down a nd finally given instructions to patient.Radiation exposure in X-ray-based imagery techniques used in osteoporosisIn old patients, central DEXA measurements of the lumbar sticker and proximal femur are recommended.Two regions should be measured so that if one is unavailable, the forearm can be imaged. Appropriate patient positioning is essential for optimizing BMD measurement. The patients are placed in the supine position for poster anterior imaging of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and sitting next to the table for imaging of the forearm. Images are assessed for patient movement.The area of interest exceeding 12 cm and superior and inferior limits should be included to verify that the complete anatomic region is scanned. The bone axis should be straight and centered and the less(prenominal)er trochanter should not be seen on images of the proximal femur. Equipment from various manufacturers generates automatic ROIs, which should be reviewed. Correct numbering of vertebral bod ies is the main goal in DEXA of the lumbar spine.The indicators of catch up with positioning are as follows the ribs appear at T12, the largest transverse processes are L3, the vertebral area values increase from L1 to L4, BMD increases from L1 to L3, and the BMD of L4 is similar to or slightly less than that of L3. Sometimes radiographs are necessary for correlation.Altered vertebrae (deformed or with lesions or artifacts in them) should be excluded from the analysis. If only one vertebral body is left, the region is not profitable for diagnosis. In hip scanning, it is important to avoid undesired bone. The anatomic landmark selected for femoral neck ROI placement is the greater trochanteric notch.( Lorente-Ramos et al,2011)Case studyA 70 years old patient was admitted to Khawla hospital overdue to forepart of lower back pain and restricted waist movement. A lumbar x-ray was through with(p) to the patient and showed sever narrowing of the disc space between L3 and L4 with no f ractures over the lumbar bodies. For further investigation, a bone densitometry test was done that showed the presence of severe presence of osteoporosis with increased risk of fracture.Thus, discectomy was done for the herniated portion of the disk between L3 and L4 that compresses the nerves and causes the pain and instrumented fusion of L3 and L4 was also done to stabilize and strengtnus the spine after the intervertebral joint space reduction that occurred between L3 and L4. Finally, the patient was prescribed with vitamin D and calcium tablets to compensate the calcium and vitamin D reduction due to the osteoporosis.(khawla hospital,2018) .(khawla hospital,2018)Conclusion Over all, Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder of the skeleton that is characterized by a reduction in bone mass. Although the condition affects a higher pct of old people. The importance of osteoporosis lies in the fact that osteoporotic bones are more fragile and susceptible to fracture than normal bones.DEXA is a quick, accurate, low-cost imaging regularity for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. It comprises adequate performance (symmetry, morphology, positioning), ROI placement, detection of artifacts, pathologic evaluation (incidental findings and those affecting analysis), and evaluation of bone mineral density.

Modernization theory and Dependency theory Essay

Skidmore and Smith present two theories, Modernization guess and Dependency theory. Modernization theory is that positive material growth yields positive social equality. Dependency theory states that a dependent economy yields or brings social disparity, which in turn understructure lead to political authoritarianism.Skidmore and Smith state that dependency theory distorts modernizations predicted outcomes. Mercantilism is a form of dependency.The social, economic and political outcomes from Modernization seem positive. Socially, the transition from a rural to an urban society will bring a change in values. People would begin to participate in voluntary organizations which only an veritable democracy requires. A middle class would emerge to play a progressive and economic role in society. This theory shows that they werent different however behind. Skidmore and Smiths modernization theory is used to describe the nature of development.The social, economic and political outcomes of a dependant economy are negative. Social inequality will appear and the different classes will become further and further apart. Economically Latin America would depend on foreign markets, which during the 20s a depression occurred. Economically Latin America exported raw materials and imported finished goods. This leads to growth without development. Economic dependency leads to a political authoritarianism.The causative versatile for these outcomes that Skidmore and Smith stated is economic dependency. There are two forms of economic dependency that Skidmore and Smith explain. They are mercantilism, the colonial period, and the ECLA dissertation, post 1880 period. Mercantilism is a fit(p) economic policy that emerged during the colonial period. Mercantilism required colonies to produce raw materials for the mother country. The mother country would supply the colonies with finished products in return. This arrangement was gear toward the economic enrichment of the mother count ry at the expense of the colonies. The ECLA thesis developed by Presbish, it states that overtime the prices of finished products rise faster than the prices ofprimary products, raw materials. The ECLA thesis explains the nature of dependency during the post-independent, 1880 period to the present.

Java: United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabian Culture Essay

International business and information technology are two pregnant aspects of globalization. We live in a world that requires farming awareness, which is also the first step in doing international business. In the case The Java Lounge Adjusting to Saudi-Arabian Arabian Culture, the business has been successful be try its entrepreneurs spent time and money to research their expectation that enough Saudis had become sufficiently westernized and affluent to frequent the restaurant. Its entrepreneurs have maintain strong culture awareness and had put them into actions.The Java Lounge had gone through culture collisions. Foreigners often find Saudi laws and customs at odds with their own value systems. For example, Saudi culture limits male-female interaction. That explains why the city of Jeddah was chosen to locate the Java Lounge it was a port and it enjoyed more contact with foreigners and was less(prenominal) conservative than much of the rest of the country. The dress codes a re more relaxed thus more acceptable to foreigners. If the location was chosen to be in a handed-down place, it would not have been this successful. The culture collision would be so huge that it is hard for other cultures to digest and get close to. Thus when a participation such as the Java Lounge implements practices, they would be less effective. Also, the employees as well as gusts would encounter difficulties in accepting or adjusting to foreign behaviors, which would cause unnecessary confusions and conflicts.Religion plays a key role in Saudis culture and religion is a cultural stabilizer. As the book says, umpteen strong values are the result of a dominant religion. A good religion would make the nation united and its people strong. What is more, religion plays a part in business. In Saudi, religious proscriptions prohibit pork products, alcohol, and live music at the Lava Lounge. In the holy period of Ramadan, when people fast during the day, the restaurant serves custo mers only in the evening. When doing business in Saudi Arabia, one has to be careful in adjusting to the religious culture of Saudi Arabia because religion could also be a taboo sometimes. For example, when Muslim men are called to prayer, McDonalds dims its lights, closes its doors, and suspend service during the five times per day. It is very important to respect one culture no matter how odd it looks to you.Behavioral practices are also affecting business. The term ascribed group memberships refer to the case that at the Lava Lounge, the entire staff is male. all the same though laws and rules were signed to abolish discrimination against women, women in Saudi Arabia cannot work in some profession. There are rigid rules about what women can and cannot do. A research shows that Saudi women only accounts for 7 percent of the total workforce. It is still a man-dominant world, but women are so important. However, in Saudi, affiliation is determined by birth. One needs to pay attenti on in the gender-based employment practices in Saudi Arabia. When doing business in other countries such as in the get together States, this might not be a problem.To summarize, what we could learn from the case The Java Lounge are that firstly, as an international businessman or businesswoman, one has to fortify culture awareness as a starting point. Secondly, culture shock would occur frequently when doing international business. When culture collisions occur, we do not need to be afraid. Learn about the other cultures you are involving in, respect other cultures, ask a native friend for help, and embrace the shocks. Thirdly, pay attention to religions and other special(a) cultural rules, they will help you with your business.

Bloodlines Chapter Twenty-Seven

I THINK ADRIAN would excite agreed to whatsoeverthing to get his own place. He didnt waste any time in moving his expectantly a(prenominal) possessions all over to Keiths gray apartment, much to Clarences dismay. I had to admit, I felt kind of bad for the old man. Hed enceinte fond of Adrian, and losing him right after lee side was specially tough. Clarence quiesce opened his home and feeder to our assemblage nevertheless ref utilize to believe anything we told him close lee(prenominal) and Strigoi. Even once he accepted Lee was dead, Clarence go on blaming vampire hunters.Shortly after his move, I went to check on Adrian. Word had come to us that the explore party from the Moroi was due to arrive in town that day, and wed decided to meet with them front before transport in Jill and Eddie. Like before, Abe was apparently escorting the new-madecomers, who included Sonya and Jills new roommate. I had the impression t here(predicate) index be others with them solely hadnt hear the details yet.Whoa, I verbalize when Adrian let me into his apartment.Hed totally been on that point a bridge days, except the transition was startling. With the exception of the TV, no(prenominal) of the original furniture remained. It was all different, and even the apartments lay step forward-moving had changed. The decorating scheme was new as well, and the scent of fresh paint hung heavy in the air.Yellow, huh? I asked, staring at the liveness room walls.Its called Goldenrod, he corrected. And its supposed to be cheerful and calming.I started to point reveal that those two traits didnt have the appearance _or_ semblance the like theyd go together but thusly decided against it. The color, slightly obnoxious though it was, solely transformed the living room. Between that and the blinds that had replaced Keiths heavy drapes, the room was now filled with color and light that went a long way to obscure the memory of the battle. I shuddered, recalling it. E ven if the apartment hadnt been needed to buy Adrians help, I wasnt undisput able-bodied I couldve accepted it and stayed here. The memory of Lees death and the two Strigoi womens was too strong.How did you afford new furniture? I asked. The Alchemists had given him the place, but there was no other stipend involved.I sold the old stuff, Adrian said, seeming very pleased by this. That lounger He faltered, a troubled look concisely crossing his features. I wondered if he too could imagine Lees disembodied centre bleeding away in that chair. That recliner was worth a rophy. It was appallingly overpriced, even by my standards. provided I got enough for it to replace the rest. Its used, but what choice did I have?Its nice, I said, running my hand along an overstuffed plaid sofa. It looked nauseated with the walls but appeared to be in good shape. Plus, much like the brightness of the yellow, the clashing furniture helped decline the memories of what had happened. You must ha ve finished with(p) roughly savvy shopping. Im guessing you dont buy a lot of used stuff.Try never, he said. You have no idea the things Ive had to lower myself to. His pleased smile dimmed as he regarded me carefully. How are you holding up?I shrugged. Fine. wherefore wouldnt I be? What happened to me isnt nearly as bad as what Jill went through.He crossed his arms. I dont know. Jill didnt watch a guy die in front of her. And lets not forget that same guy indigenceed to kill you plainly moments before in order to rise again from the dead.Those were things that had unimpeachably been on my mind a lot in the termination week, things that were expiry to take a epoch to get over. Sometimes, I didnt musical note anything at all. Other times, the human cosmoss of what had happened descended on me so swiftly and heavily that I couldnt breathe. Strigoi nightmares had replaced the ones of re-education centers.Im in reality better with it than you might look at, I said slowly , gazing off at nothing particular. Like, its terrible slightly Lee and what he did, but I feel I can get over it in time. Do you know what I relieve cerebration round the most, though?What? asked Adrian gently.The speech seemed to come forth without my constraint. I hadnt expected to say them to anyone, certainly not to him.Lee declareing me I was wasting my life and staying aloof from people. And then, during that last meeting with Keith, he told me that I was naive, that I didnt understand the world. And its true to a certain extent. I mean, not what he said about you guys being evil but well, I was naive. I shouldve been more careful with Jill. I believed the best of Lee when I shouldve been more wary. Im not a fighter like Eddie, but I am an commentator of the world or so I like to signify. But I failed. Im no good with people.Sage, your first mistake in all of this is listening to anything Keith Darnell says. The guys an idiot, an asshole, and a dozen other words that arent suitable for a lady like yourself.See? I said. You just admitted it, that Im some kind of untouchable, pure soul.I never said any such thing, he countered. My point is that youre leagues above Keith, and what happened with Lee was dumb, ridiculous bad luck. And remember, none of us saw it coming either. You werent alone. It casts no reflection on you. Or His eyebrows rose. maybe it does. Didnt you say that Lee considered killing Keith for Alchemist blood?Yeah but Keith left too soon.Well, there you go. Even a sociopath recognized your worth enough to want to kill someone else first.I didnt know whether to laugh or cry. That doesnt make me feel better.Adrian shrugged. My earlier point remains. Youre a solid person, Sage. Youre easy on the eye, if a microscopical skinny, and your ability to memorize useless information is going to totally hook in some guy. commit Keith and Lee out of your head because they have nothing to do with your future.Skinny? I asked, hoping I wasnt blushing. I also hoped if I sounded outraged enough, he wouldnt notice how much the other comment had disarmed me. Easy on the eyes. Not exactly the same as being told I was hotness incarnate or expire gorgeous. But after a lifetime of having my appearance judged as acceptable, it was a heady compliment especially coming from him.I just set up it like it is.I almost laughed. Yes. Yes, you do. Now tell me about a different subject, please. Im tired of this one.Sure thing. Adrian infuriated me sometimes, but I had to admit, I loved his pitiful attention span. It made dodging ill-fitting topics so much easier. Or so I thought. Do you smell that?An image of the bodies flashed into my head, and for a moment, all I could think he meant was the smell of decay. Then I sniffed more deeply. I smell the paint, and wait is that pine?He looked impressed. Damn straight. Pine-scented cleaner. As in, I cleaned. He gestured to the kitchen dramatically. With these hands, these hands that dont do manual labor.I stared off into the kitchen. What did you use it on? The cupboards?The cupboards are fine. I cleaned the traumatise and the counter. I must have looked more puzzled than amazed because he added, I even got see on my knees.You used pine cleaner on the floor and counters? I asked. The floor was ceramic roofing tile the counters were granite.Adrian frowned. Yeah, so?He seemed so proud to have actually scrubbed something for once in his life that I couldnt bring myself to tell him pine cleaner was generally only used on wood. I gave him an encouraging smile. Well, it looks great. I need you to come over and clean my new dorm room now. Its cover in dust.No way, Sage. My own housecleanings bad enough.But is it worth it? If youd stayed at Clarences, you had a live-in cook and cleaner.Its definitely worth it. Ive never really, truly had my own place. I kind of did at Court but it might as well have been an over-glorified dorm room. This? This is great. Even with the housec leaning. Thank you.The comic look of horror hed ill-defined while discussing housecleaning had been traded away for utter seriousness now as those green eyes weighed me.I suddenly felt uncomfortable under the scrutiny and was reminded of the spirit dream, where Id questioned if his eyes really were that green in real life.For what? I asked.For this I know you must have twisted some Alchemist arms. I hadnt told him that Id actually passed on taking the place for myself. And for everything else. For not giving up on me, even when I was being a major asshole. And, you know, for that saving my life thing.I looked away. I didnt do anything. That was Eddie and Jill. Theyre the ones who saved you.Not accepted I wouldve been alive for their rescue if you hadnt set that bitch on dismiss. How did you do that?It was nothing, I protested. Just a, uh, chemic chemical reaction from the Alchemist bag of tricks.Those eyes studied me again, weighing the truth of my words. Im not sure he believ ed me, but he let it go. Well, from the look on her face, your aim was right on. And then you got backhanded for it. Anyone who takes a thrill for Adrian Ivashkov deserves some credit.I turned my back to him, tranquillise shy with the praise and nervous about the fire reference and walked over to the window. Yeah, well, you can rest easy that it was a selfish act. You have no idea what a pain it is to file paper employment for a dead Moroi.He laughed, and it was one of the few times Id heard him laugh with genuine humor and warmth and not because of something twisted or sarcastic.Okay, Sage. If you say so. You know, youre a lot spunkier than when I first met you.Really? entirely the adjectives in the world at your disposable, and you pick spunky? Banter I could handle. So long as I focused on that, I didnt have to think about the meaning behind the words or how my heartbeat had increased just a little. Just so you know, youre a little more stable than when I met you.He came ov er to stand by me. Well, dont tell anyone, but I think acquire away from Court was a good thing. This weather sucks, but Palm Springs might be good for me it and all the wonders it contains. You guys. Art classes. Pine cleaner.I couldnt help a grin and looked up at him. Id been half-joking, but it was true he had changed remarkably since wed met. There was still a hurting man inside, one who bore the scars of what Rose and Dimitri had done to him, but I could see the signs of healing. He was steadier and stronger, and if he could just continue to hold the course, with no more crises for a while, a remarkable transformation might truly happen.It took several seconds of silence for me to realize that Id been staring at him while my mind spun out its thoughts. And, actually, he was staring at me, with a look of wonder.My God, Sage. Your eyes. How have I never noticed them?That uncomfortable feeling was spreading over me again. What about them?The color, he breathed. When you stand in the light. Theyre amazing like melt gold. I could paint those He reached toward me but then pulled back. Theyre beautiful. Youre beautiful.Something in the way he was looking at me froze me up and made my stomach do flip-flops, though I couldnt quite articulate wherefore. I only knew that he looked as though he was seeing me for the very first time and it panic-struck me. Id been able to brush off his easy, joking compliments, but this intensity was something different altogether, something I didnt know how to react to. When he looked at me like this, I believed that he thought my eyes were beautiful that I was beautiful. It was more than I was ready for. Flustered, I took a step backward, out of the sunlight, needing to get away from the energy of his gaze. Id heard spirit could send him off on supernatural tangents but had no clue if thats what this was. I was saved from my rachitic attempts to muster a witty comment when a knock at the door made twain of us jump.Adrian bl inked, and some of that rapture faded. His lips twisted into one of his sly smiles, and it was as though nothing eldritch had happened.Showtime, huh?I nodded, reeling with a confusing mix of relief, nervousness, and excitement. Except, I wasnt entirely sure if those feelings were from Adrian or our impending visitors. All I knew was that suddenly, I was able to breathe more easily than I had a few moments ago.He walked across the living room and opened the door with a flourish. Abe swept in, resplendent in a gray and yellow suit that coordinated bafflingly well with Adrians paint job. A wide grin stony-broke out over the older Morois face.Adrian, Sydney so lovely to see you again. I believe one of you already knows this young lady? He moved past us, revealing a lean dhampir girl with chromatic hair and big blue eyes filled with suspicion.Hello, Angeline, I said.When theyd told me Angeline Dawes was going to be Jills new roommate, I thought it was the most ridiculous thing Id ever heard. Angeline was one of the Keepers, that separatist group of Moroi, dhampirs, and humans who lived in the wilds of West Virginia. They wanted nothing to do with the civilization of any of our races and had a number of bizarre customs, not the least of which was their abominable tolerance for interracial romance.Later, when Id thought about it, I decided Angeline might not be such a bad choice. She was the same age as Jill, possibly giving Jill a closer connection than I could manage. Angeline, while not trained the way a guardian like Eddie was, still could hold her own in a fight. If anyone came for Jill, theyd have their work cut out for them getting through Angeline. And with the aversion Angelines people had toward tainted Moroi, she would have no reason to further the politics of some rival faction.As I studied her and her threadbare clothes, I wondered, though, just how well she was going to lodge to being away from the Keepers. She wore a cocky look on her face that Id seen when visiting her community, but here it was underscored with some nervousness as she took in Adrians place. After living in the woods her entire life, this venial apartment with its TV and plaid sofa was probably the height of modern luxury.Angeline, said Abe. This is Adrian Ivashkov.Adrian extended his hand, turn of events on that natural charm. A pleasure.She took his hand after a moments hesitation. Nice to meet you, she said in her odd southern accent. She studied him for a few more seconds. You look too pretty to be useful.I gasped in spite of myself. Adrian chuckled and shook her hand.Truer words were never spoken, he said.Abe glanced over at me. I probably had a look of terror on my face because I was already imagining the damage control Id have to do with Angeline saying or doing something completely wrong at Amberwood.Sydney will undoubtedly want to debrief you on what to expect before you develop school, said Abe diplomatically.Undoubtedly, I repeated.Adrian had s tepped away from Angeline but was still grinning. Let Jailbait do it. Better yet, let Castile. Itll be good for him.Abe shut the door but not before I got a glimpse behind him to the empty hallway. Its not just the two of you, is it? I asked. I heard there were others. Sonyas one, right?Abe nodded. Theyll be right up. Theyre parking the car. Street parkings terrible some here.Adrian looked over at me, hit by revelation. Hey, do I inherit Keiths car too? horror-struck not, I said. It belonged to his dad. He took it back. Adrians face fell.Abe stuffed his hands in his pockets and strolled casually around the living room. Angeline remained where she was. I think she was still sizing up the situation.Ah, yes, mused Abe. The late, great Mr. Darnell. That boys really been beset with tragedy, hasnt he? Such a hard life. He paused and turned to Adrian. But you, at least, seem to have benefited from his downfall.Hey, said Adrian. I earned this, so dont give me any grief about bailing on Cla rence. I know you wanted me to stay there for some weird reason but And you did, said Abe simply.Adrian frowned. Huh?You did exactly what I wanted. Id suspected something odd was going on with Clarence Donahue, that he might be selling his blood. Id hoped keeping you on hand would uncover the plot. Abe stroked his raise in that mastermind way of his. Of course, I had no idea Mr. Darnell was involved. Nor did I expect you and young Sydney to aggroup up to unravel it all.Id hardly go that far, I said dryly. A strange thought occurred to me. Why would you care if Keith and Clarence were selling vampire blood? I mean, we Alchemists have reasons for not wanting that but wherefore would you feel that way?A surprised glint flashed in Adrians eyes, followed by insight. He eyed Abe carefully. Maybe because he doesnt want the competition.My jaw nearly dropped open. It was no secret to anyone, Alchemist or Moroi, that Abe Mazur trafficked in illegal goods. That he might be moving large a mounts of vampire blood to willing humans had never occurred to me. But as I studied him longer, I realized it should have.Now, now, said Abe, never breaking a sweat, no need to bring up unpleasant topics.Unpleasant? I exclaimed. If youre involved in anything that Abe held up a hand to stop me. Enough, please. Because if that sentence ends with you saying youll talk to the Alchemists, then by all means, lets get them out here and discuss all sorts of mysteries. Say, for example, like how Mr. Darnell lost his eye.I froze.Strigoi took it, said Adrian impatiently.Oh, come now, said Abe, a smile twisting his lips. My faith in you was just being restored. Since when do Strigoi do such preciseness maiming? Very artful maiming, I might add. Not that anyone probably ever noticed. Wasted talent, I tell you.What are you saying? asked Adrian aghast. It wasnt Strigoi? Are you saying someone cut his eye out on determination? Are you saying that you Words failed him, and he simply looked back and forth between me and Abe. Thats it, isnt it? Your devils bargain. But why?I cringed as three sets of eyes stared at me, but there was no way I could acknowledge what Adrian was starting to put together. Maybe I could have told him if we were alone. Maybe. But I couldnt tell him while Abe looked so smug and certainly not with an outsider like Angeline standing there.I couldnt tell Adrian how Id install my sister Carly a few years ago, after a date with Keith. It was when hed still been living with us and just before she went off to college. She hadnt wanted to go out with him, but our father loved Keith and had insisted. Keith was his prospering boy and could do no wrong.Keith believed that too, which was why he hadnt been able to take no for an answer when he and Carly were alone. Shed come to me afterward, creeping into my bedroom late at night and sobbing while Id held her.My instant reaction was to tell our parents, but Carly had been too afraid especially of our father. I was young and nearly as scared as she was, ready to agree with whatever she wanted. Carly had made me promise I wouldnt tell our parents, so I sank my efforts into assuring her that it wasnt her fault. The whole time, she told me, Keith had kept telling her how beautiful she was and how shed left him no choice, that it was impossible for him to take his eyes off of her. I finally convinced her that shed done nothing wrong, that she hadnt led him on but she still held me to my promise to stay silent.It was one of the biggest regrets of my life. Id hated my silence but not nearly as much as I hated Keith for thinking he could rape someone as fragrance and gentle as Carly and get away with it. It wasnt until much later, when I had my first assignment and met Abe Mazur, that Id realized there were other ways Keith might pay that would allow me to keep my promise to her. So, Id made my deal with the devil, not caring that it bound me or that I was stooping to barbaric levels of reven ge. Abe had staged a fake Strigoi fervidness and cut out one of Keiths eyes earlier this year. In return, Id become Abes sort-of retainer Alchemist. It was part of what had goaded me to help Rose with her jail break. I was in his debt.In some ways, I reflected bitterly, maybe Id done Keith a favor. With only one eye left, maybe he wouldnt find it so impossible to keep it off uninterested young women in the future.No, I certainly couldnt tell Adrian any of that, but he was still looking at me, a million questions on his face as he try to embodiment out what in the world would have reduced me to hiring Abe as a hit man.Laurels words suddenly rang back to me. You know, you can be scary as hell sometimes.I swallowed. Remember when you asked me to consider you?Yes said Adrian.I need you to do the same for me.Long moments followed. I couldnt bring myself to look at Abe because I knew hed be smirking.Spunky was kind of an understatement, Adrian said. After what felt like forever, he sl owly nodded. Okay. I do trust you, Sage. I trust that you have good reasons for the things you do.There was no snark, no sarcasm. He was pestilent earnest, and for a moment, I wondered how I could have earned his trust so intently. I had a weird flash to the moments just before Abe had arrived, when Adrian had spoken of painting me and my feelings had been a jumble.Thank you, I said.What, demanded Angeline, are you guys talk about?Nothing of interest, I assure you, said Abe, who was really enjoying this all too much. Life lessons, sheath development, unpaid debts. That sort of thing.Unpaid? I surprised myself by taking a step forward and fixing him with a glare. Ive paid that debt a hundred times over. I dont owe you anything anymore. My loyalty is only to the Alchemists now. Not you. Were finished.Abe was still smiling, but he wavered slightly. I think my standing up for myself had caught him off-guard. Well, that remains to be ah. More knocking.Heres the rest of our party. He hurried to the door.Adrian took a few steps toward me. Not bad, Sage. I think you just scared old man Mazur.I felt a smile of my own begin to form. I dont know about that, but it felt kind of good.You should backtalk people more often, he said. We grinned at each other, and as he regarded me fondly, I felt that same queasy feeling return. He probably wasnt experiencing that exact sensation, but there was an easy, bright mood about him. Rare and very appealing. He nodded toward where Abe was opening the door. Its Sonya.Spirit users could sense each other when they were close enough, even behind closed doors. And sure enough, when the door opened, Sonya Karp strode in like a queen, tall and elegant. With her red hair swept into a bun, the Moroi cleaning lady could have been Angelines older sister. Sonya smiled at us all, though I couldnt help a shiver as I thought back to the first time Id met her. She hadnt been nearly so pretty or handsome then. Shed been red-eyed and trying to ki ll us.Sonya was a Strigoi whod been restored back to a Moroi, which really made her the ideal choice to work with Adrian on figuring out how to use spirit to prevent people from being turned.Sonya hugged Adrian and was walking over to me when someone else appeared in the doorway. In retrospect, I shouldnt have been surprised at who it was. After all, if we wanted to figure out what special spirit magic in Lee had stopped him from being turned again, then we needed all the data possible. And if one restored Strigoi was good, then two were better.Adrian paled and went perfectly still as he stared at the newcomer, and in that moment, all my high hopes for him came crashing down. Earlier, Id been certain that if Adrian could just stay away from his past and any traumatic events, hed be able to find a purpose and steady himself. Well, it looked like his past had ground him, and if this didnt qualify as a traumatic event, I didnt know what did.Adrians new research partner stepped through the door, and I knew the uneasy peace wed just established in Palm Springs was about to shatter. Dimitri Belikov had arrived.

Communication Skills for Health Professionals Essay

IntroductionCommunication skills are important for health professionals because they deal with different situations and heap all daylight. Furthermore, an example to use the charm communication is when the professional has to give no-good parole of an unfavourable nosology. For instance, the tooth doctor to give the diagnostics of oral toiletcer for their uncomplaining, this situation is requirement to have correct communication to do the treatment and to give the correct plunk for for their patient such as empathy and slur.BodyFirstly, most of people who seek a professional health is because they are in unfarovable health condition and need peculiar(prenominal) care. Also, it is in truth common in dental treatment because many people feel afraid when to go the dentist. It is proved that many of them feeling very anxious when they go to a dental treatment (Cockburn and Walters).Principally, in unfavourable diagnostics, for example oral cancer. In this context, the heal th professional have ability to provide the appropriate communication such empathy. For professional to be empathy is very important for all principally in bad news that involves patient and sometimes to their family fully to give information and to second continuing the treatment.(Mundada, 2012). A patient with an unfavourable diagnostics need of feel comfortable on various parameters and the empathy as communications is very helpful like dealing with your anxiety, expectations for your family can follow the treatment. The empathy step ins On impacts of the treatment procedure and the expectations of what willing be the treatment. This type of communications is extremely important in case the conversation, clarify doubts and speak as will be the treatment for the patient to be aware of what can happen and not have unannounced reactions.Secondly, it is very important factor and has a good ability of communication such as touch because it helps to support psychological care during treatment. Sometimes many doctors have difficult to deal with kind of situations such as painful, physical suffering impending death and bereavement (Cockburn and Walters, 1999). Also, it is known that many undergrade students are not trained in communications skills and many medical schools do not insist in this subject. Its represents the deprivation oftouch in a long time (Cockburn and Walters, 1999). The communication such as touch in the treatment sometimes is difficult to many doctors because they attend many people in the same day and they will have this situation for a long time.(Cockburn and Wlaters,1999) that occurs common factor and many times it is interfere in the patient treatment because they do not have the adequate type of this. Principally, with bad diagnostics that usually is not expected for anyone.One of the most difficult tasks for some doctors is to break bad news to a patient, such as a diagnosis of cancer. (Cockburn and Waterls, 1999) That may causes stres s, familiars problems, emotional factors. The most appropriate commination skills is helpul to pee-pee a field to the patient feel comfortable and freely to do the procedure and touch in extremely important in this situation. The most important factor for the communicate is with professionalism and use the communication that can better confidence and quality of care in the patient.(Mundada,1992).Its helps the patient expects dentists to listen and understand their needs.(Mudunda,1992).Conclusion keep back everything into account communications skills are essential for all health professionals. Sometimes, in medical schools this subject in not trained to undergrade (Cockburn and Walters). Also, lack of communication can interfere the patient treatment principally when is necessary give bad news that involves many emotional problems such as psychological and anxiety. Obviously, the professional cannot support all problems to their patient but give the appropriate support with profess ionalism and empathy and touch good cues of communication and it help the professionals to have a great impressive and attend the necessity of their patients.(Mundada and Walters).ReferenceAnnette Hannah, Ph.D. C. Jane Milliamp, Ph.D. Kathryn M.S. Ayers, M.D.S. A Communication Skills turn tail for Undergraduate Dental Students. Journal of Dental Education. Volume 68, Number 9J. Cockburn and W. A.W. Walters. Communication between doctors and patients. trustworthy Obstetrics & Gymecology (1999) 9, 34400 1999 Hat-court Brace & Co. Ltda.Mundada,Vikek. Effective communication skills and professionalism for better dentistepatient relationship. Indian Journal of Dentistry 2012.July e kinfolk Volume 3, Number 3 pp. 182 e 183.

My Bondage, My Freedom Fredrick Douglass Essay

It was non color, but crime, not God, but piece of music that afforded the true bill of the existence of slavery nor was I long in finding out another important truth, what man can make, man can unmake (Douglass 59). In My Bondage and My Freedom, Fredrick Douglass explains in detail the harsh and cruel realties of slavery and how slavery was an institution that victimized not only slaves, but slave toters, and non-slave holding whites.Fredrick Douglass could not have been more than right with his observation of slavery. In my opinion, slavery is not only an institution, but is a prime example of a corrupt business model that thrives on free labor, ultimate control, and wealth. A business is only as good as its workers. Its a common saying in modern day America. That saying would hold true during slavery, however slaves were not considered workers. Workers have rights and wages slaves on the other hand had no rights as charitable beings and no wages.Slaves were considered a p roperty, no more usable than a mule or cattle. Slaves were apart of a system and in that system they were dehumanized to the point in time that they became an expendable commodity. Slaves were stripped of there individuality. Fredrick Douglass rec boths not the date, month, or year when he was born. He also verbalize that the institution of slavery did away with the concept of family. Douglass had neither recollection of a father nor any estimate of his existence.Further more, Douglass had only a handful of encounters with his mother before her death and had become nothing more than a stranger to his brothers and sisters. It had made my brothers and sisters strangers to me it converted the mother that bore me, into a myth, it shrouded my father in mystery, and leave me without an intelligible beginning in the world (Douglass 39). In 1840, 20 years before the Civil War, 60% of American exports were cotton and was produced mainly by slaves (Shaping America Lesson 16).Therefore, t he business of slavery favored the slave holders, who were capitalizing on free labor to produce and distribute products across the world. Greed is the undertone upon which Douglass states that slavery corrupted souls and sullen good people into bad people. The institution of slavery was based on the ultimate control and origin over a human to whom he is stripped of all in all of his identity and becomes sub-human. Consequently, the institution forces slave holders had to bargain into this concept in order to justify any and all cruelty toward slaves.Douglas states Slave holders resort to all kinds of cruelty and later describes various ways of torture and punishment all are in sequestration to keep the slave in his condition as a slave in the United States (Douglass 272). Slave holders showed no mercy when reprimanding slaves. The brutality and cruelty of these punishments were more of a statement of power and control and ofttimes times the punishment was worse than the offens e. Racism was used aggressively to divide poor white southerners from slaves.The alliance between the wealthy and the poor was aggressively exploited by the rich white slave holder to ensure the poor whites non-slave holder that they had a similar cause (Shaping America Lesson 16). This caused non-slave holding whites to have a similar view as latter. Non-slave holding whites were in direct competition with slaves and more often than not were forced out of work due to the free labor slavery had offered. In conclusion, Slavery is forever and a day slavery always the same foul, haggard, and damning scourge, whether found in the eastern or in the westerly hemisphere (Douglass 294).Fredrick Douglass could not have been more right with his observation of slavery. Slavery is a cruel and great(p) way to oppress any human. The slave is a human being, divested of all rights reduced to the level of a brute, a mere chattel in the eye of the law placed beyond the circle of human brotherhood cut off from his kind his name, which the recording angel may have enrolled in heaven, among the blest, is impiously inserted in a masters ledger, with horses, sheep, and swine (Douglass 293).The business aspect of slavery is even more disheartening. However, any parties involved (slaves, slave holders, and non-slave holders) were all affected by the institution of slavery and in the mist of all the hardships that he endured for over twenty years of his life Fredrick Douglass became a free man.

Psych Unit IV Article Review Essay

There argon so many different theories come forward in that location that try to explain why we act the way we act. How do we explain evil or hateful behavior? I just finished reading the article Prison Violence Does barbarity come with a badge?, written by Bruce tax income. This article talks about being a prison guard, and how some state act when they enter this c areer. Would you act otherwise if you went from the role of the prisoner to the role of the prison guard?There get been many reports of cruel and unusual punishment that is being administered by prison guards to inmates in prisons. Not only are inmates reporting this abuse, but federal authorities are also recognizing there is a problem. In 2005, the commission on Safety and Abuse in Prisons give tongue to there were 16,000 allegations of sexual and physical assault that were reported. There are also reports of abuse happening in County jails as well as in prisons. Inmates have reported being choked, kicked, punch ed, and hit with objects by sensation or multiple guards, (Gross, 2008).If you look back at our history, it is full of ordinary people who take out flagitious acts of violence. Some people have done studies and are trying to under put forward why people commit these evil crimes. Stanley Milgram is one of those people. He was a Yale University professor, who conducted an experiment in 1961. In this experiment there were teachers and there were learners. The teachers were given the power to administer a shock to the learners if they answered a question wrong. It was surprising how much the teachers in the experiment would shock the learners and the amount of volts that they would use without protest.Another experiment that was done to test these violent behaviors was cognize as the Stanford Prison Experiment. In August of 1971, this experiment was started by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo. He put option an ad in the paper and found volunteers to play role of prisoner and the role of guard. He created a prison-like environment in the basement of the psychology building on the Stanford Campus. There was some explicit brutality that started to show in the guards during this experiment. Some showed more than others. After only 6 days, the experiment was take out down. One third (1/3) of these guards showed sadistic behavior.There was a similar force field done that was called the BBC Prison Study. This study was also shut down early. Both of these prison studies demonstrated that under some circumstances, some individuals rule out going-with-the flow of group associated brutality, (Gross, 2008).Sometimes an individual give behave differently if they know theyre being watched. In the SPE experiment, the participants knew they were being watched by supervisors, and on the BBC experiment, they knew they were being watched by an audience (including family and friends). These factors may have affected the way that either group acted throughout the experime nt. I know I would act differently if I knew that my mother was watching me.Some people think its the environment that people are in that brings out violence. Well of course it is If you treat someone like a caged animal, eventually they will start acting like one. If a guard is told to dehumanize a prisoner, then you will probably see violence out of the guards, as well as out of the prisoners. Violence and extreme behaviors by guards against inmates have many sources, (Gross, 2008). In the prison studies that were covered in this article, it didnt surprise the experimenters that good people were committing evil acts when they played the role of the guards. They were more surprised and shocked that more people didnt stand up for what was right. Even if they didnt agree with what was happening, they just kept their mouth shut, and went with the flow. At the end of the article, Gross says, Perhaps the adage is true, that real evil exists and flourishes when good people do nothing.

Kant and the Categorical Imperative Essay

The possibility of the existence of duty and wrong has been a subject of discussion among philosophers for centuries and m whatever theories fork up been presented to answer the question of whether deterrent pillow slips exist. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the great German philosopher is champion who has contributed profoundly to the world of philosophy and special(a)ly in regards to his thought on the subject of undecomposedity. Kant disagreed with Hume that morality is objective and non subjective. Kant wanted to propose a pure moral philosophy, one of absolute necessity and independent of all human feelings, because if it not so, it pass on not be absolute and binding upon every person. The purpose of morality is to affect our behaviour and that it is undercoat that makes humans moral and not feelings or preferences. We shall explore almost of the a priori foundations of morality paying special attention to Kants prostrate unequivocal and what ex hazardly this was des igned to solve in moral theory.To commence moral worth, an act must be through with(p) in the name of ones duty, the moral worth of this act is taken from the principle from which its determined, not from what it aims to accomplish and that duty is necessary when one is acting aside of respect for the truth. A shopkeeper giving the buyer the right amount of budge because the law states one must not steal, this is an example of a legal go through because rules ar being followed but for the wrong reasons. A shopkeeper returning the correct amount of change because it belongs to the customer is an example of a moral action because the action is being done for the right reasons. Kant adopts the view of morality as an unconditional ought, as opposed to a conditional ought By this he means that one should carry out an act without considerations of the merits that that act whitethorn produce, in comparison with acting in order for aroundthing else to happen. This implies that act s that are moral are those that are done without being done for the involvement of the merit or reward that they may bring to the person.Kant claimed that moral behaviour does not guarantee the attainment of happiness rather that approximate forget is crucial for actually deserving happiness. Nothing in the worldindeed nothing even beyond the world washbowl possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualificationexcept a good allow (Kant 1964 p.27). By the good will Kant means that a good will is not good because what it performs or what it effects but that it is simply good in itself. The good will is the will which acts out of respect for the moral law and from freedom, but actions such as these, if motivated by selfish or emotional factors, will then have no moral worth. There is a great have it off of stress placed on the intention behind the act, consider giving money to charity for the sake of helping out, without any need for any ego gratification or such self-serving purposes, this is an compositors case of good will.Kants most well known contribution to ethical discussion is the compressed exigent. There are common chord key propositions that form the basis of Kants ethics. They are act nevertheless on that maxim (principle) through which you can at the same time will that it should find a frequent law, act in a way that you never treat humanity as a means to an end and that you act as if you were a lawmaker member of a kingdom of ends. These three principles form the insipid imperative. For Kant the source of moral justification is the categorical imperative. It presents a method to determine whether or not an act may be considered to be morally correct. An imperative is either categorical or so-called. Kant writes, If now the action is good only as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical if it is conceived as good in itself and consequently as being necessarily the principle of a will which of itse lf conforms to reason, then it is categorical . . . . (Kant 1989 p.31)As humans we all have subjective impulses appetencys and inclinations that may contradict the dictates of reason. These desires, whether they are material objects or gratify us in a sexual or psychological way, may in fact contradict the dictates of reason. Therefore we experience the claim of reason as an imperative, a miss to act in a particular way. Kant views a person to be most free when they can overcome their temptations and it is this freedom that helps us make sense of morality.The categorical imperative emphasises the means for completing an action and places little meaning on the end result of an action, whereas the hypothetical imperative places much emphasis on the end result of an action. It is an imperative because it dictates what we should do, disregarding our desires. As lucid beings we are guided through liveliness bylaws and principles, in the form of an imperative which simply orders us y ou must do this regardless of any desires which we may have. Hypothetical imperatives apply to us if we have a particular desire, go to university if you want to become a philosopher.An act becomes imperative when it ought to be applied to everyone, hence the basic statement of the categorical imperative being to act only on maxims that you could will to become universal laws of human nature (Kant).A categorical imperative would command you to do X inasmuch as X isintrinsically right, that is, right in and of itself, aside from any other considerationsno ifs, no conditions, no strings attached . . . a categorical imperative isunconditional (no ifs) and independent of any things, circumstances, goals, or desires.It is for this reason that only a categorical imperative can be a universal and bindinglaw, that is, a moral law, valid for all rational beings at all times. (Miller 1984 p.462)Immorality then would be to make exceptions for ourselves by acting only on maxims that we cannot u niversalize out of our own will. It is those who act in such a way and then inquire others to act different to our way, who are immoral.The categorical imperative acts as a formula for universal law by stating the prerequisites that an act must have to be considered moral, it presents a comparison for people to be fitting to see if they are acting morally, this being to act only on principles that you could will to become universal laws by which all who wish to act morally must comply with. It determines whether any act is right or wrong, so to do the opposite would be contradictory andthis would then be an act that is not morally correct. An example that Kant puts forward in Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative, (1989) to depict this is of a man who is in extreme despair and contemplating suicide. By taking his own feeling he would be universalizing the principle that in order to love himself he should end his life (by doing this he is trying to improve his life by en ding the despair he is feeling). Killing himself would in fact do nothing to improve his life because he would have no life at all So you see how these contradictory acts break those that may be classified as morally right.Although Kants categorical imperative has been widely read and accepted by some it has had criticism. Some philosophers have thought of it as absolutist, being too smutty and white. But when thinking of humanity and society in which we reside, looking at morality according to the categorical imperative allows a standard rule for everyone to follow. If it was alright for some people to steal and not others this we could not call a moral and fair society. There needs to be a rule or comparison so that what acts are right and what are wrong may be differentiated from each(prenominal) other and the wrong acts then dealt with accordingly.Some have asked how only an action which one had no desire to do could ever have any moral worth. This to me does not seem to be what is trying to be expressed in Kantian ethics. It is not the desire per se that makes an act immoral, I think it seems that it is much the fact of this desire being the reason the act is conducted in the first place. If the act is done to commit a personal desire or attain that which one desires, then the act is immoral, but if the act is done for the good of the act in itself, for example donating money to an orphanage because one desires to help, then this is let off what Kant would regard as a morally right act.Although Kantianism has had a profound effect on some people, producing many elaborations, translations and thought, for some it is not feasible once placed together as a whole. Kant had some very profound ideas but looking at society tody I would think he was in spades on the right thought pattern. Society and we as humans, with our impulses whether good or bad, need a subtile ethics to follow to help us separate what may be considered right and wrong in a moral sen se, and it must be fair and the same for everyone, this is what Kants categorical imperative has done by creating a universal law or rule of thumb for morality.ReferencesKant, I. 1989 Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative. ed. Serafini, A. ethics and Social Concern, the categorical imperative. New York Paragon HousePublishersKant, I. 1964 Groundwork and the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. Herbert J. Paton, NewYork HarperCollins.Miller, Ed. L. 1984 Questions that Matter An Invitation to Philosophy, 3rd ed. atomic number 27 McGraw-Hill, Inc.http//sguthrie.net/kant.htm (accessed on 12/10/04)